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CGFM Certification

Exam Three—Governmental Financial Management and Control

115 questions
Two Hours and 15 minutes

1. Internal Controls (25%)

A. Demonstrate an understanding of Internal Control including:

            1. The objectives of internal control.
            2. The components of internal control (i.e., control environment, risk assessment, control activities,
                 information and communication, monitoring).
            3. The concept of cost-benefit.
            4. The concepts related to internal control weaknesses.

B. Demonstrate an understanding of the Application of Internal Control to:

            1. Operations, including information technology.
            2. Financial reporting.
            3. Compliance.

C. Demonstrate an understanding of Internal Control Responsibilities including:

            1. Management's responsibility to establish, monitor, remediate and report on  internal controls.
            2. The auditor's responsibility regarding internal controls.
            3. Management's responsibility for detecting and reporting indications of fraud.

D. Demonstrate an understanding of the Evaluation Process including:

            1. The process for documenting and assessing internal controls
            2. The roles of management and the auditor in the evaluations of internal control including the risk of
                 fraud.

E. Demonstrate an understanding of the Reporting Process including:

            1. How management reports on internal control, including the use of various types of assertions.
            2. The auditor's reporting on internal control.

2. Internal and External Auditing (25%)

A. Demonstrate an understanding of Audits including:

            1. Types of auditors (e.g., independent external auditor, independent internal auditor, internal auditor).           2. Objectives of financial statement audits.
            3. Objectives of performance audits.
            4. Objectives of attestation engagements.
            5. Uses of audit reports.
            6. The concept of materiality.

B. Demonstrate an understanding of Standards including:

            1. The sources of auditing standards for audits of government organizations.
            2. The interrelationships among various standard setting organizations (Government Accountability
                Office, AICPA Auditing Standards Board, and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
                [PCAOB]).
            3. The concept of general standards.
            4. Field work standards for financial audits.
            5. Field work standards for performance audits.
            6. Reporting standards for financial audits.
            7. Reporting standards for performance audits.
            8. The concept of auditor independence and the impact of non-audit professional services on
                 independence.
            9. The responsibilities of the auditor in implementing an audit follow-up program.
            10. The types of activities that are considered sensitive in a government audit (e.g., taxpayer
                   information, payments to informers, travel and entertainment).

C. Demonstrate an understanding of the responsibilities of the Auditee including tasks related to:

            1. Preparation for an audit. 
            2. Supporting the audit process.
            3. Audit follow-up.
            4. Preparation of the Management Representation Letter.
            5. The role of the Audit Committee

D. Demonstrate an understanding of the components of the Single Audit Act including:

            1. The scope and purpose.
            2. The required reports.
           

3. Demonstrate an understanding of Performance Measurement Reporting including: (13%)

A. How performance measures relate to the organizational goals and objectives.

B. The objectives of financial and non-financial performance measures.

C. How financial and non-financial performance measures are linked.

D. How financial and non-financial performance measures are integrated with the strategic plan and
     budget.

E. The uses of performance measurement and reporting to improve internal management.

F. The uses of performance measurement and reporting to demonstrate public accountability.

G. The uses of performance measurement and reporting to improve oversight and allocation of
     resources.

H. The types of performance measures (inputs, outputs, and outcomes).

I. The characteristics of performance measurement data (e.g., relevance, understandability, comparability,
    reliability, timeliness, and verifiability).

J. Baselining and bench marking.

K. The role of the "customer" in the evaluation-feedback of performance.

4. Demonstrate an understanding of Financial and Managerial Analysis Techniques including:  (7%)

A. The conduct of the following types of analyses:  present value, future value, cash flow, pay-back,
     trend, significant ratios, comparisons to competitors, regression analysis, earned value
     management, and flowcharting.

B. Identification of the sources of information required for financial and managerial analysis (e.g.,
    accounting records, performance records, financial statements).

C. The use of forensic techniques, such as data mining.

D. The financial and managerial techniques used to make competitive outsourcing decisions.

5. Financial and Managerial Concepts, Controls and Techniques  (30%)

A. Demonstrate an understanding of Cash Management including:

            1. Legislation that affects governmental cash management.
            2. Considerations in establishing banking relationships (e.g., competition, servicing, compensating
                 balance).
            3. Techniques for accelerating collections (e.g., EFT, centralized collections, lockboxes).
            4. Techniques for timely payment (e.g., warehousing payments, EFT, credit cards).
            5. The role and control of electronic payments (e.g., smart cards, benefit cards, EFT).
            6. Techniques used to deter, identify and correct improper payments.

 B. Demonstrate an understanding of Investment Management including: (less weighting)

            1. The components of an investment policy (e.g., objectives [safety, liquidity, yield], standards of care
                 [prudence, conflicts of interest, authorization], authorized financial institutions, depositories and
                 brokers/dealers, safekeeping, authorized investment.

            2. The components of investment management (e.g., selection of money managers, role of
                 fiduciary/prudent experts, understanding of markets, monitoring and evaluating performance, risk  
                 assessment/avoidance).

C. Demonstrate an understanding of Credit Management/Debt Collection including:

            1. The components of Credit Management (e.g., rationale, eligibility, credit worthiness, account
                 servicing, debt write-off, performance measurement).
            2. The components of Debt Collection (e.g., salary and refund offsets, collection agencies,
                delinquency rates, aging, write-off, reporting requirements).

D. Demonstrate an understanding of Procurement Management including:

            1. The elements in the public procurement process (e.g., authorized procurement officials, compiling
                 a bidders list, public advertising, preparing and issuing an RFP, evaluating proposals, awarding
                 the contract, writing the contract).
            2. Techniques for assuring full and fair competition (e.g., advertising, direct contact to likely vendors,
                 registries).
            3. Evaluation selection criteria (e.g., past performance, delivery time, price).
            4. The monitoring and acceptance process to ensure that contract specifications are met.
            5. Contract efficiencies (e.g., purchase cards, bulk purchasing, inter-agency procurements).

E. Demonstrate an understanding of Property Management including: (less weighting)

            1. The elements of a property management system (e.g., record keeping, safeguarding,
                 maintenance, and reporting).
            2. The procedures for property disposal (e.g., identifying surplus, and disposition).

F. Demonstrate an understanding of Inventory Management including:

            1. The elements of an inventory management system (e.g., policies, classifications, controls, and
                 reorder decisions).
            2. Ways to safeguard inventory (e.g., physical control, tagging, periodic inventory, stewardship).
            3. Inventory valuation and reporting methods.

G. Demonstrate an understanding of Financial Management Systems including:

            1. The concept of an integrated financial management system.
            2. The elements of a disciplined development process (e.g., requirements management, testing,
                 data conversion, systems interfaces, configuration management, risk management, project
                 management, and quality assurance).
            3. The various approaches to meeting system needs (e.g., off-the-shelf, cross-servicing, outsourcing,
                 custom design).
            4. Business process re-engineering in the development and implementation of information systems.
            5. Techniques for project management (e.g., defining interrelationships and tasks, resource
                 management, cost and schedule control, cost and performance measurement, and independent
                 verification and validation).
            6. Methods for assuring the reliability of data.


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